Your Guide: Ender's Game Series Order & Beyond!


Your Guide: Ender's Game Series Order & Beyond!

The sequence in which a collection of science fiction books is intended to be read constitutes a crucial element for understanding the overarching narrative. In the context of Orson Scott Card’s work, it dictates the unfolding of character arcs, the progression of technological developments, and the gradual revelation of historical events within the fictional universe. Adhering to this arrangement allows for a richer and more coherent comprehension of the story’s complex themes.

Following the established arrangement provides several advantages. It allows the reader to experience the story as the author intended, witnessing character growth organically and understanding the full impact of events. Furthermore, it mitigates the risk of spoilers and confusion that can arise from reading out of sequence. Understanding the publication history or internal chronology is necessary for maximizing the enjoyment and appreciation of the complete saga.

The following sections will detail the different methods of approaching the collection, outlining both publication and chronological arrangements. Examining these different organizational methods provides a comprehensive understanding of the various ways to engage with the narrative and its associated expanded universe materials.

1. Publication Sequence

The pathway into this universe began not with its genesis, but with its explosion onto the literary scene. The order in which these stories were initially published serves as a fundamental lens, a frame through which readers first encountered the complex moral quandaries and strategic brilliance that define this saga. This sequence offers a unique understanding as it reflects the author’s initial intent in revealing the world and its characters.

  • Discovery and Initial Impact

    Ender’s Game, published first, introduced the world to Ender Wiggin and the desperate war against the Formics. Its immediate success shaped expectations, setting the tone and establishing the central conflict. It cast a long shadow, influencing how subsequent volumes were received and interpreted, making it a critical entry point.

  • Expanding the Scope, Shifting Perspective

    Speaker for the Dead followed, drastically shifting the narrative from military strategy to philosophical exploration. This shift surprised many readers, challenging initial assumptions and expanding the scope of the universe far beyond Earth’s immediate struggles. It demonstrated the author’s intention to delve into deeper, more complex themes, fundamentally changing the nature of the saga.

  • Branching Narratives, Diversifying Focus

    The Shadow series, beginning with Ender’s Shadow, offered an alternative perspective, revisiting the events of Ender’s Game from the viewpoint of Bean. This parallel narrative enriched the tapestry of the universe, adding layers of intrigue and challenging the reader’s understanding of familiar events. It demonstrated the author’s commitment to exploring the ramifications of choices and actions from multiple vantage points.

  • Iterative World-Building

    Each subsequent publication built upon the foundation laid by its predecessors, slowly revealing the nuances of the universe’s history, technology, and societal structures. Understanding the order in which these details were unveiled is crucial for grasping the intended pacing of the narrative and appreciating the gradual evolution of the world itself. This sequential unveiling allows the themes to resonate more deeply.

Therefore, the chronological release is not merely an arrangement of books; it is an orchestrated unveiling. It represents the author’s careful control over the flow of information, shaping reader perception and ensuring that the themes of morality, consequence, and empathy resonate with maximum impact. By understanding this progression, readers can appreciate the deliberate choices that sculpted this fictional world.

2. Chronological Timeline

The desire to reconstruct a narrative universe according to its internal history often grips those captivated by sprawling sagas. In this instance, the allure of a strict chronological arrangement stems from a yearning to witness the universes genesis and evolution in its purest form, unshackled from the authors deliberate pacing of revelation. Such an approach fundamentally alters the experience, prioritizing a linear understanding of events over the intended suspense and unveiling that publication order provides.

The chronological arrangement reshapes the significance of certain events. For example, prequels appearing earlier in the timeline than Ender’s Game may diminish the impact of Ender’s initial ignorance of the larger strategic context. Knowledge of events preceding his training colors the reader’s interpretation of his actions, potentially undermining the intended empathy and moral ambiguity that the original sequence carefully cultivated. Consider Earth Unaware, the first book in the Formic Wars prequel trilogy; reading it prior to Enders Game fundamentally shifts the reader’s perspective, imbuing Ender’s future actions with a pre-existing awareness of the Formic threat that he, in the original context, was blissfully unaware of.

However, while the allure of chronological purity is understandable, it represents a departure from the authors original construction. It prioritizes a perceived completeness of understanding over the narrative art of revelation. The strategic placement of information, the controlled release of backstories, and the measured development of characters are all sacrificed in the pursuit of a linear, comprehensive timeline. This choice, while appealing to some, ultimately diminishes the nuanced experience crafted by the author, replacing it with a factual recitation of events at the expense of emotional and thematic resonance.

3. Ender Wiggin’s Journey

Andrew “Ender” Wiggin’s trajectory from child prodigy to reluctant savior is inextricable from the sequence in which his story unfolds. The impact of his experiences, the moral complexities he navigates, and the ultimate consequences of his actions are all profoundly shaped by the reading pathway chosen through the narrative.

  • The Unfolding of Trauma

    Ender’s emotional and psychological development is not presented as a static attribute but as a consequence of the escalating pressures he faces. Each trial at Battle School, each simulated engagement, leaves its mark, gradually revealing the depth of his isolation and the burden of his responsibility. The publication sequence allows these scars to accumulate at a pace mirroring Ender’s own experience, preserving the gradual erosion of his innocence. Reading out of order risks prematurely exposing the reader to the later effects of his trauma, diluting the impact of the events that caused them.

  • Moral Ambiguity and Justification

    The ethical questions posed by Ender’s actions are central to the saga’s enduring appeal. However, the weight of these questions depends heavily on the readers’ understanding of the circumstances leading to his ultimate decision. Witnessing the escalating threat, the desperation of the adults in charge, and the gradual manipulation of Ender himself is crucial for grappling with the moral gray areas he inhabits. The proper sequence ensures the reader arrives at the final battle with the appropriate context, forcing a genuine reckoning with the consequences of Ender’s victory.

  • The Burden of Command

    Ender’s rise through the ranks of Battle School is not merely a display of tactical brilliance; it is a gradual assumption of responsibility for the lives of his squadron. The reader witnesses the increasing pressure he faces, the weight of leadership, and the growing distance between himself and his peers. This slow ascent is essential for understanding the sacrifices he makes and the ultimate cost of his strategic acumen. Reading later books in the series before experiencing his initial struggles diminishes the impact of his later burdens.

  • Redemption and Reconciliation

    The events following the war with the Formics are crucial for understanding the full scope of Ender’s journey. His role as Speaker for the Dead, his search for atonement, and his ultimate quest to understand and preserve alien life are all direct consequences of his earlier actions. These later chapters provide a sense of closure and offer a path toward redemption, but their significance is diminished without a full appreciation of the events that preceded them. Only through the proper reading arrangement can the reader fully grasp the weight of Ender’s regret and the depth of his commitment to honoring the lives he inadvertently destroyed.

In essence, Ender Wiggin’s journey is not a series of isolated events but a carefully constructed narrative arc, dependent on the sequence in which it is experienced. Neglecting the intended arrangement risks sacrificing the emotional impact, moral complexity, and thematic depth that define his story, reducing it to a mere series of battles and strategic maneuvers.

4. Shadow Saga’s Perspective

The alternate viewpoint offered by the Shadow Saga is not a mere retelling of familiar events; it is a profound augmentation, a critical counterpoint that reframes the established narrative. Understanding the arrangement in which these stories are incorporated into the overall reading experience is essential for appreciating the full complexity of the universe and the moral ambiguities it presents.

  • Bean’s Intellect, Ender’s Intuition

    Where Ender operates on instinct and empathy, Bean’s perspective is defined by cold, calculating logic. The Shadow Saga allows access to the strategic reasoning behind events unfolding in Ender’s Game, offering a stark contrast to Ender’s emotional navigation of the same scenarios. Integrating these parallel viewpoints in the proper order enriches the understanding of both characters, revealing the limitations and strengths of their respective approaches to leadership and conflict. The contrast highlights how different minds can arrive at similar outcomes through vastly different processes.

  • Geopolitical Ramifications, Personal Struggles

    The Shadow Saga widens the lens beyond Ender’s personal journey, exploring the global political machinations that underpin the war with the Formics. It unveils the power struggles within Earth’s governments, the exploitation of child soldiers, and the ethical compromises made in the name of survival. This broader perspective contextualizes Ender’s actions within a larger framework of political intrigue, forcing a reevaluation of the justification for the war and the consequences of victory. Knowing the global situation allows understanding how Ender and his squad were instruments.

  • Unsung Heroes, Reattributed Glory

    The Shadow Saga shines a light on the contributions of characters often relegated to the periphery in Ender’s Game. Figures like Petra Arkanian, Alai, and, most significantly, Bean, receive greater depth and agency, revealing their individual sacrifices and strategic contributions. This redistribution of credit challenges the notion of a singular hero, suggesting that victory is often the product of collective effort and hidden brilliance. It forces a reconsideration of the narrative’s focus, prompting a deeper appreciation for the unsung heroes who played a crucial role in Earth’s defense.

  • Moral Ambiguity, Shifting Allegiances

    The Shadow Saga further complicates the moral landscape, blurring the lines between good and evil. Characters often operate in shades of gray, their motivations driven by a complex mix of self-preservation, loyalty, and ambition. Alliances shift, betrayals occur, and the reader is forced to confront the uncomfortable reality that even in a war for survival, ethical compromises are inevitable. Integrating this darker perspective into the overall reading experience forces a more nuanced understanding of the conflict and the difficult choices faced by all involved.

Ultimately, the perspective provided through the Shadow Saga demands a flexible arrangement. It is not intended to replace or overshadow Ender’s story but to enrich it, providing a multifaceted understanding of the conflict and its consequences. The intended sequence dictates how these perspectives intertwine, creating a richer and more thought-provoking exploration of war, morality, and the enduring power of the human spirit. The weaving of stories provides a unique insight into the truth.

5. Interweaving Storylines

The arrangement becomes critical when considering the tapestry of narratives that constitute the greater saga. It is no longer a simple matter of publication date or chronological progression, but rather a deliberate orchestration of perspectives and parallel events. The strength of the narrative lies not only in its individual stories, but in their interconnectedness, their ability to shed light on one another, and the way they challenge preconceived notions.

  • The Dance of Perspectives

    Consider the simultaneous telling of the Battle School years through both Ender and Bean’s eyes. The Shadow Saga doesn’t merely repeat Ender’s Game; it provides a crucial counterpoint. What Ender experiences as intuition, Bean perceives as logical deduction. The optimal sequence allows these perspectives to inform one another, creating a richer, more nuanced understanding of the events. One witnesses Bean strategize while Ender acts, creating a fuller understanding.

  • Echoes of Consequence

    Events in one narrative thread reverberate throughout the others. The political machinations detailed in the Shadow Saga color Ender’s actions in Ender’s Game with a layer of unease. His victories are no longer solely attributed to his skill but are also viewed through the lens of governmental manipulation. A carefully considered sequence ensures these echoes resonate, forcing a re-evaluation of the moral justifications for the war and its devastating aftermath.

  • Unreliable Narrators and Shifting Truths

    Each viewpoint is inherently biased. Ender’s perception is colored by his youth and naivete, while Bean’s is shaped by his hyper-logical intellect and inherent distrust. The arrangement allows these inherent biases to be exposed and challenged. The reader is forced to actively reconcile conflicting accounts, piecing together a more complete, if ultimately ambiguous, understanding of the truth. Truth becomes flexible based on perspective.

  • Thematic Resonance and Amplification

    The core themes of the saga the cost of war, the dangers of manipulation, the search for redemption are amplified through the interplay of different storylines. Ender’s search for forgiveness in Speaker for the Dead is given greater weight by the political machinations and social upheaval occurring simultaneously in the Shadow Saga. The sequence creates a harmonic resonance, deepening the emotional and intellectual impact of the narrative as a whole.

Therefore, considering how threads weave together represents an active, intentional decision, a shaping of understanding and appreciation. It transforms a simple reading experience into an immersive exploration of moral complexity and human nature. The saga asks more of its audience, inviting participation and encouraging a critical examination of the stories. The arrangement facilitates that deeper engagement, making the experience infinitely more rewarding.

6. Speaker for the Dead

The positioning of Speaker for the Dead within its overall collection marks a pivotal shift, a departure from the military strategy that defined its predecessor. Comprehending the arrangement is crucial to understanding this transition, recognizing the thematic and narrative threads that connect the initial conflict to the subsequent exploration of alien cultures and ethical considerations. Its presence fundamentally alters the trajectory of the saga, transforming it from a war story into a philosophical examination of empathy, communication, and the very nature of existence.

Following Ender’s Game, Speaker for the Dead reveals the consequences of Ender’s actions, forcing him to confront the moral implications of his victory. He, now haunted by the destruction of the Formic homeworld, seeks redemption by becoming a Speaker for the Dead, someone who uncovers and truthfully recounts the lives of the deceased. This transition is not arbitrary; it is a direct response to the devastating events of the prior book. The stark contrast between Ender’s role as a destroyer and his new vocation as a speaker underscores the saga’s central theme of empathy and the importance of understanding even those considered enemies. Take, for example, the stark difference between the tactical simulations of Ender’s Game and the meticulous study of Piggy culture in Speaker for the Dead. The shift embodies a conscious effort to atone for past actions and to cultivate a deeper understanding of alien life.

The implications of understanding the progression from militaristic conflict to empathetic exploration are profound. It challenges the simplistic notions of good and evil often found in science fiction, prompting readers to consider the complexities of intercultural relations and the long-term consequences of violence. Recognizing the intended progression reveals that the saga is not merely a series of disconnected stories, but rather an interconnected exploration of human nature and the potential for both destruction and understanding. The arrangement provides insight into how to break cycles of violence and embrace dialogue to bridge cultural divides. Understanding this evolution provides an insight into an author’s themes.

7. Xenocide’s Implications

The placement of Xenocide within the larger narrative irrevocably alters the saga’s trajectory, serving as a crucible in which established characters confront the consequences of their past actions and grapple with the profound ethical dilemmas they engendered. Moving from the immediate aftermath of interstellar conflict to the deeper philosophical questions surrounding the nature of life, consciousness, and moral responsibility, Xenocide demands a reevaluation of earlier events. Ender’s strategic genius, celebrated in the early books, is now viewed through the lens of irreversible destruction, prompting a deeper contemplation of intent versus outcome. The earlier triumphs take on a somber hue, reminding one of the potential for even well-intentioned actions to yield catastrophic results. The journey from Battle School to the alien world of Lusitania becomes a descent into the heart of moral complexity, the arrangement of this narrative turn demanding a new ethical calculus.

The ramifications of this placement extend beyond Ender’s personal journey, impacting the reader’s understanding of the Formic and Piggy societies. The earlier depictions, shaped by the exigencies of war and limited human perspectives, are now challenged by the nuanced portrayal of alien cultures striving for survival and self-determination. Characters grapple with the implications of their past interventions, confronting the unintended consequences of their actions. The novel delves into the nature of free will, the influence of genetic predispositions, and the potential for cultural misunderstandings to fuel conflict. The carefully structured narrative creates the space to explore a full range of factors, and come to an understanding about the dangers of imposing one’s own values onto other civilizations. Readers are prompted to consider their own biases, and consider other sides.

The decision to position Xenocide where it stands within the saga is not merely a matter of chronology but a deliberate choice to force a reckoning with uncomfortable truths. It challenges simplistic notions of heroism and villainy, demanding a more sophisticated understanding of moral responsibility and the enduring consequences of one’s actions. The echoes of the past reverberate throughout the narrative, reminding one that actions, once set in motion, cannot be easily undone. This exploration serves as a cautionary tale, urging readers to consider the potential ramifications of their choices, to approach difference with empathy, and to strive for a more just and equitable future. These themes, explored through an altered perception, deliver greater lessons.

8. Children of the Mind

The concluding volume, Children of the Mind, arrives as a capstone, irrevocably shaping how the entire “ender’s game series order” is perceived. It is not merely an ending, but a re-evaluation, forcing a reconsideration of the events, motivations, and consequences that preceded it. Without understanding its place, the saga risks remaining a collection of disconnected episodes, its thematic weight diminished. Within the chronology, the conclusion is more than just a tying up of loose ends; it’s a complete revelation of the core moral question that had been lurking since Ender’s Game. The saga finds closure and also presents a lasting question to the reader that will have to be answered.

Its impact lies primarily in its radical expansion of the saga’s central themes. Empathy, a thread woven throughout the earlier installments, culminates in a demand for universal compassion. The willingness to sacrifice oneself for the sake of another, even across species and dimensions, is presented as the ultimate expression of moral responsibility. This places earlier conflicts into a new context, prompting reflection on whether the violence was merely a stepping stone on the path to a higher state of being. For example, Ender’s earlier destruction of the Formic homeworld, once perceived as a necessary act of self-defense, becomes a source of enduring guilt and a catalyst for his relentless pursuit of understanding and reconciliation. Only through understanding this progression, can any readers truly grasp Ender’s journey.

Children of the Mind therefore is a linchpin, securing the impact of the entire collection. It provides closure, demands ethical introspection, and reshapes the reader’s understanding of the entire sequence. Neglecting its importance within “ender’s game series order” leads to a diminished and incomplete appreciation of the saga’s complex moral vision. The conclusion is a moral high ground where the series earns its legacy.

9. Expanded Universe

Beyond the core narrative, a constellation of supplementary materials enriches the universe, offering deeper dives into specific characters, historical events, and technological advancements. These additions complicate the notion of a singular, definitive arrangement, demanding an awareness of their relationship to the main sequence. To ignore this expansion is to diminish the potential insights available within the series.

The connection between the core saga and the expanded materials often manifests as a complex interplay of cause and effect. Events depicted in prequels, such as the Formic Wars trilogy, shed light on the motivations and strategic decisions made during Ender’s Game, providing context that enriches understanding. Companion novels, such as Ender in Exile, bridge gaps in the narrative, exploring Ender’s experiences between major plot points. Short stories offer glimpses into the lives of peripheral characters, adding depth and complexity to the overall tapestry. However, these additions are not merely ancillary; they are integral components, providing alternative points of view and enriching the saga.

However, engaging with the expanded materials requires discernment. Not all additions contribute equally to the core narrative. Some may contradict established canon, introducing inconsistencies that undermine the overall cohesion. It is crucial to approach these materials with a critical eye, evaluating their consistency with the established timeline, characterizations, and thematic concerns. Ultimately, the integration of these expanded tales must be a deliberate and thoughtful act. It should enhance, not detract from, the power and complexity of the original story, preserving the integrity of the vision while exploring the potential of its universe.

Frequently Asked Questions Regarding the Ordered Engagement of the Enderverse Narrative

Untangling the skein of interconnected stories that comprise Orson Scott Card’s creation can be a daunting task. Many grapple with the optimal approach. The following seeks to address common points of confusion and contention, guiding toward a more informed understanding of the intended arrangement.

Question 1: Is it permissible to commence reading with any volume, regardless of its placement in the publication timeline?

The siren call of immediate gratification often tempts readers to plunge into the narrative at a seemingly arbitrary point. This approach, while offering immediate exposure to the universe’s wonders, risks sacrificing a deeper understanding of character development, thematic evolution, and the gradual unfolding of historical context. Commencing out of sequence resembles entering a symphony mid-performance. The individual notes may be pleasing, but the overall composition remains elusive.

Question 2: Does strict adherence to the chronological timeline guarantee a superior understanding of the overarching narrative?

The allure of chronological purity is undeniable, promising a linear progression from the genesis of events to their ultimate conclusion. However, such an approach disregards the author’s strategic deployment of information, the carefully orchestrated pacing of revelations designed to maximize emotional impact. Prioritizing chronology over narrative structure risks flattening the nuances of character development and diminishing the intended suspense. The element of discovery becomes lost in a world already laid bare.

Question 3: Should the Shadow Saga be considered a mere adjunct to the primary Ender Wiggin narrative?

To dismiss the Shadow Saga as a secondary or supplemental series is to fundamentally misunderstand its purpose. It offers a crucial counterpoint to Ender’s journey, illuminating the strategic machinations, geopolitical complexities, and ethical compromises that underpin the main narrative. To ignore Bean’s perspective is to see only half the picture. Understanding the Shadow Saga illuminates the unseen forces shaping Ender’s destiny.

Question 4: At what juncture should the reader integrate the expanded universe materials into their reading experience?

The expanded universe, a vast ocean of supplementary stories and background details, presents both opportunities and pitfalls. Integrating these materials prematurely risks diluting the impact of the core narrative, overwhelming the reader with extraneous information. Conversely, neglecting them entirely denies access to valuable insights and alternative perspectives. The optimal approach involves a judicious selection of materials, strategically integrated to enhance, not overshadow, the main storyline. Timing is everything when exploring the series.

Question 5: Does the author’s subsequent modifications and revisions to the original texts necessitate a reassessment of the ideal arrangement?

Authors often revisit their works, revising, expanding, and even reinterpreting their creations. These alterations introduce a layer of complexity, demanding a consideration of which version best represents the author’s intended vision. While acknowledging the evolution of the text, it remains prudent to prioritize the original publication sequence as the foundation, incorporating subsequent revisions with careful discernment, recognizing that each version offers a unique perspective on the story.

Question 6: Is it possible to achieve a definitive, universally accepted arrangement that satisfies all readers?

The pursuit of a single, definitive arrangement is ultimately a futile endeavor. Reading is a subjective experience, shaped by individual preferences, prior knowledge, and emotional responses. What resonates with one reader may fall flat for another. The most rewarding approach involves informed experimentation, exploring different arrangements and reflecting on their impact. The journey of discovery, rather than the destination, holds the key to unlocking the saga’s full potential.

In summation, navigating the complexities requires thoughtful consideration of the nuances within the story. A universal truth is understanding makes the reading better.

The subsequent section will delve into additional resources available to guide exploration of the topic.

Navigating the Enderverse

Entering the world of Ender Wiggin is akin to deploying into a complex strategic simulation. Success requires foresight, careful planning, and a keen understanding of the terrain. The arrangement dictates the experience, and a misstep can lead to disorientation and missed opportunities. Herein lie crucial tactical recommendations.

Tip 1: Embrace Publication Order as the Initial Deployment. The original sequence serves as the baseline experience, mirroring the author’s intended unveiling of the world. Understanding character motivations, strategic revelations, and ethical quandaries unfold as designed. Deviating too soon risks undermining the carefully constructed narrative arc. Ender’s Game must always be the point of origin.

Tip 2: Integrate the Shadow Saga for Tactical Awareness. Bean’s perspective provides crucial intelligence, illuminating the unseen political maneuvers and global power struggles that shape Ender’s battlefield decisions. This addition is not a repetition, but a critical asset. Knowing how the governments manipulate the events gives Ender’s actions a full scope of its nature.

Tip 3: Exercise Caution in Chronological Rearrangement. While the allure of a perfect timeline is strong, respect the author’s artistic choices. Events revealed out of sequence can diminish their emotional impact and disrupt the thematic resonance. Reserve chronological exploration for subsequent engagements, once the initial narrative impact is secured. Understanding what happens is one thing, but when is as important.

Tip 4: Approach Expanded Universe Materials with Discernment. Not all supplementary information is created equal. Evaluate each addition carefully, ensuring its consistency with the core narrative and its contribution to overall understanding. Overloading on extraneous details can obscure the main objective. Only use to enhance the overall story, not to bloat it.

Tip 5: Allow Time for Reflection and Re-evaluation. The “ender’s game series order” is not a race to be won, but a strategic campaign to be understood. After each engagement, take time to analyze the information, consider different perspectives, and reassess previous assumptions. The true victory lies not in finishing the series, but in internalizing its lessons.

Tip 6: Heed the Warnings Inherent within the Saga The lessons regarding manipulation, consequences of war and actions should not fall on deaf ears. The series is not just a story, but a learning tool for empathy and the outcomes that result from hate and anger. Remember the core values inherent within the “ender’s game series order”.

These recommendations are not rigid directives, but strategic guidelines for navigating the complex terrain. Mastering the series requires thoughtful engagement, critical analysis, and an unwavering commitment to understanding. The best tool in the series is to learn from its mistakes and successes.

The final section will summarize the key points that need to be considered, with special emphasis placed on the “ender’s game series order.”

The Arrangement’s Enduring Echo

The exploration of the appropriate arrangement has underscored a fundamental truth: the experience of the saga is inextricably bound to the path one chooses to traverse it. From the initial shock of Ender’s Game to the philosophical depths of Children of the Mind, the sequence dictates the unfolding of themes, the evolution of characters, and the ultimate impact of the narrative. To disregard this arrangement is to diminish the rich tapestry woven by the author, sacrificing understanding for expediency.

As the digital pages fade and the echoes of battle subside, a call to mindful engagement remains. Let the lessons of Ender Wiggin resonate, not merely as a tale of strategic brilliance, but as a cautionary exploration of power, empathy, and the enduring consequences of choice. The sagas arrangement is not simply a guideline, but an invitation to participate in a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. May one strive to embrace such with wisdom and consideration, mindful of the power of perspective and the enduring legacy of the arrangement.

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