The phrase represents an event centered around pipefitters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, observed during the Labor Day holiday. It likely signifies a specific activity, celebration, or recognition of the pipefitting trade within the city during this national holiday. For example, this could be a union-organized picnic, a skills competition, or a charitable event.
Such an event offers several potential benefits to the community and the trade professionals involved. It provides an opportunity for camaraderie and networking among pipefitters. It can also serve to raise awareness about the importance of the pipefitting trade and its contribution to the city’s infrastructure. Historically, Labor Day has been a time to celebrate the achievements of workers and organized labor, making this event a fitting tribute to Pittsburgh’s skilled tradespeople.
The following discussion will delve deeper into the specific activities and implications related to this annual Pittsburgh Labor Day event, examining its impact on the local economy, the role of the pipefitters union, and the broader significance of skilled trades in the region.
1. Union Solidarity
The spirit of union solidarity forms the bedrock upon which events such as the pipefitters’ Pittsburgh Labor Day celebration are built. It’s more than just a handshake; it’s a shared commitment, a collective strength forged in the steel mills and workshops of a city built on industry. This solidarity manifests itself in tangible ways, shaping the lives and livelihoods of its members.
-
Collective Bargaining Power
Imagine a single pipefitter, standing alone before a corporation, attempting to negotiate fair wages and safe working conditions. The odds are stacked against them. But united in a union, they possess a collective voice, amplified by the strength of their membership. Collective bargaining becomes the shield and sword, ensuring equitable treatment and a better quality of life for all. The strength derived from united numbers empowers the trade and solidifies the foundation for the annual Pittsburgh Labor Day gathering.
-
Mutual Support and Welfare
Solidarity extends beyond the bargaining table. It is the bedrock of a support system. When a pipefitter faces hardship an injury, a layoff, or a family crisis the union acts as a safety net. Benefit funds, training programs, and a sense of shared responsibility provide crucial assistance during difficult times. This network of support, built on the principles of brotherhood and sisterhood, is visibly celebrated and reinforced at events like the Pittsburgh Labor Day gathering.
-
Preservation of Skills and Craftsmanship
The pipefitting trade demands expertise, precision, and a commitment to excellence. Union solidarity facilitates the transmission of knowledge and skills from one generation to the next. Apprenticeship programs, often sponsored by the union, provide aspiring tradespeople with comprehensive training, ensuring the continued viability and prestige of the craft. The annual Pittsburgh Labor Day event, therefore, isn’t only a celebration of labor, but also a showcase of perfected skills and a reminder of the importance of continuous development and training within the trade.
-
Political Advocacy and Community Engagement
A strong union advocates for its members on legislative issues affecting the trade. This can range from safety regulations to infrastructure investments that create jobs. By engaging in political action and community outreach, the union ensures that the voices of pipefitters are heard and that their interests are protected. The Pittsburg Labor Day celebration offers a platform for the Union to strengthen community ties and promote awareness of its political advocacy initiatives.
The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event is, therefore, more than just a picnic or a parade. It is a visible manifestation of union solidarity, a celebration of the collective strength that empowers pipefitters, supports their families, and strengthens the community. It represents the enduring legacy of organized labor in Pittsburgh, a city built on the backs of skilled tradespeople who understood that together, they could achieve what they could not alone.
2. Skilled Trades
The clang of steel on steel, the hiss of welding torches, the meticulous threading of pipes these are the sounds of Pittsburgh, the symphony of its skilled trades. And Labor Day, in that city, is not merely a day off; it’s a celebration, a recognition of the hands that built and continue to maintain the very foundation of the region. The annual pipefitters’ event on Labor Day is a microcosm of this broader appreciation, a specific instance where the city acknowledges the vital role of one particular trade. Without the skilled trades, there would be no need for such a celebration; the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event exists precisely because of the enduring importance of these crafts.
The connection is profound. Imagine Pittsburgh without its robust infrastructure, without the intricate network of pipes delivering water, gas, and other essential resources. It’s the pipefitters who ensure these systems function safely and efficiently. The Labor Day event is not simply a party; it’s a public acknowledgement of their expertise and dedication. In the same way that the city celebrates its steelworkers, its electricians, and its carpenters, it celebrates its pipefitters, who work tirelessly, often behind the scenes, to keep the city running. Take, for instance, the construction of a new hospital wing; the pipefitters are the ones ensuring the plumbing is flawless, the heating and cooling systems are functional, the medical gas lines are secure. Their work is critical to patient care, yet often goes unnoticed by the public. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event provides a rare opportunity to shine a spotlight on their contributions.
Therefore, the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” celebration serves as a crucial reminder that the prosperity of Pittsburgh, and indeed any modern city, hinges on the skill and dedication of its tradespeople. It emphasizes that the city’s ongoing development and infrastructure maintenance depend entirely on their craft. Challenges remain in ensuring that future generations continue to pursue these vital skills. Events like this are a step to remind the community the fundamental necessity of these trades. This event and the concept of Skilled Trades are intrinsically linked, each supporting and enhancing the other in a continuous cycle of appreciation and progress. The continued success of the city as a functional entity is reliant on these trades; recognizing them on Labor Day is merely a way to make sure it is not overlooked.
3. Local economy
The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event exists not in isolation, but as a thread woven into the larger economic fabric of Pittsburgh. The celebration represents a confluence of labor, industry, and community spending that subtly but significantly impacts the city’s financial well-being. Exploring these economic ties reveals that this event is more than just a holiday gathering; it is a small but important contributor to the local economy.
-
Direct Spending Injection
The event requires resources: venues are rented, food and beverages are purchased, entertainment is hired. These expenses flow directly into local businesses, supporting restaurants, caterers, rental companies, and musicians. This direct infusion of capital provides a measurable boost to the local economy, particularly for businesses that may otherwise experience a lull during the holiday weekend. Each hot dog bought, each stage rented, serves as a reinvestment in the community.
-
Ripple Effect on Related Industries
The event’s economic influence extends beyond the immediate spending. The businesses that benefit directly from the pipefitters’ celebration, in turn, purchase goods and services from their own suppliers, creating a ripple effect throughout the local economy. A caterer buying ingredients from a local farmer, a rental company hiring a mechanic to service equipment, a musician buying new strings from a music store – these transactions all contribute to a broader economic ecosystem.
-
Union Investment and Benefit Funds
Union-organized events like the Pittsburgh Labor Day gathering are often funded, at least in part, by union dues and benefit funds. These funds represent a significant pool of capital that is reinvested back into the local economy through member services, training programs, and community initiatives. By supporting the union, the pipefitters are indirectly contributing to the economic health of their city.
-
Tourism and City Promotion
Events like the Labor Day celebration can attract visitors to Pittsburgh, benefiting hotels, restaurants, and other tourism-related businesses. While the pipefitters’ event may not be a large-scale tourist draw, it contributes to the overall vibrancy of the city, making it a more attractive destination for visitors and businesses alike. The city becomes known not only for its history but also for its active community and its support of working families.
In the grand narrative of Pittsburgh’s economic landscape, the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event may seem like a minor detail. However, it is a microcosm of the broader economic principles that sustain the city: local spending, union investment, and community engagement. While it might not revolutionize the city’s economy, it exemplifies how even small-scale celebrations can collectively contribute to the economic well-being of a community. Its worth lies not just in honoring labor, but in the tangible economic benefits it brings to local businesses and workers.
4. Community Celebration
Within the urban landscape of Pittsburgh, Labor Day carries a significance that transcends the typical holiday observance. It is not merely a day of rest, but a tribute to the citys enduring spirit of labor, embodied in events like the annual pipefitters gathering. This celebration is not an isolated occurrence but an intrinsic part of Pittsburghs identity, reflecting its historical roots and its ongoing commitment to its working class.
-
Honoring Craftsmanship and Skill
The gathering becomes a stage, showcasing the talents and dedication of pipefitters whose skills are essential to maintaining and building the citys infrastructure. This is not simply a demonstration of technical expertise, but a display of craftsmanship, a tangible representation of the pride taken in their work. For instance, attendees might witness a live demonstration of pipe welding or fitting, offering the public a glimpse into the complexities and precision of the trade. Such demonstrations transform abstract concepts of skill into concrete, visual experiences, fostering a deeper appreciation for the work done by these tradespeople.
-
Fostering Intergenerational Connections
These gatherings serve as a nexus where knowledge is passed down from seasoned professionals to aspiring apprentices, ensuring the continuity of skills and traditions. The event encourages interaction between generations, allowing younger members to learn from the experiences of their elders, absorbing not only technical knowledge but also the values and ethos of the trade. For example, one might observe a retired pipefitter sharing anecdotes about challenging projects or innovative solutions they developed during their career, imparting wisdom and inspiring the next generation.
-
Strengthening Family Bonds
The pipefitters event often incorporates family-friendly activities, acknowledging the importance of family support in the lives of workers. The holiday offers an opportunity for families to come together, celebrate their shared values, and strengthen their bonds. This creates an environment where children can learn about their parents profession and develop a sense of pride in their familys contribution to the community. A children’s section may be organized, with games and activities that highlight the importance of safety and precision, mirroring the core tenets of the trade.
-
Promoting Civic Pride and Solidarity
The event serves as a symbol of civic pride, underscoring the importance of skilled tradespeople in building and maintaining the citys infrastructure. The event fosters a sense of community, reminding attendees of the collective effort required to make Pittsburgh a vibrant and thriving city. It serves as a reminder that the citys strength lies in the dedication and hard work of its citizens, working together to shape its future. Community and pride go hand in hand within this celebration.
The gathering transcends the realm of a mere holiday celebration; it becomes a symbol of Pittsburghs enduring spirit, a tribute to the skill and dedication of its pipefitters, and a testament to the power of community. It is a reminder that the citys strength lies not only in its infrastructure but also in the human capital that makes it all possible. This annual event is a tradition, but also a recognition of their place within the city. It is not about the work itself, but about the community.
5. Historical roots
The phrase “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” echoes with the weight of Pittsburgh’s industrial past, a past forged in steel and shaped by the hands of skilled laborers. The Labor Day celebration itself, a national recognition of workers’ contributions, finds a particularly resonant expression in a city like Pittsburgh, where the legacy of organized labor is etched into the very landscape. The pipefitters’ participation in this celebration connects directly to this rich history, drawing on traditions of solidarity, skill, and community that have defined Pittsburgh for generations.
-
The Rise of Organized Labor in Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was a crucible of industrial innovation and labor unrest. The city became a battleground between powerful industrialists and the burgeoning labor movement, as workers sought fair wages, safe working conditions, and the right to organize. The formation of unions, including those representing skilled trades like pipefitting, was a direct response to the exploitation and dangers faced by workers in the city’s mills and factories. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event, therefore, serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by those early union members, who fought tirelessly to improve the lives of working families.
-
The Pipefitters’ Union: A Legacy of Skill and Solidarity
The pipefitters’ union, like other skilled trades unions in Pittsburgh, has a long and proud history of advocating for its members and upholding the standards of the trade. From negotiating contracts to providing training and apprenticeship programs, the union has played a crucial role in shaping the lives and livelihoods of pipefitters in the region. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” gathering is, in part, a celebration of this legacy, a recognition of the union’s contributions to the well-being of its members and the economic vitality of the city.
-
Labor Day: A Recognition of Workers’ Contributions
Labor Day itself has its roots in the late 19th-century labor movement, a time of increasing activism and calls for worker rights. The holiday was established to honor the contributions of working men and women to the nation’s prosperity. In Pittsburgh, a city built on the backs of its laborers, Labor Day takes on a special significance. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event is a local manifestation of this national celebration, a specific expression of gratitude for the hard work and dedication of pipefitters in the city.
-
The Enduring Relevance of Skilled Trades
While Pittsburgh’s industrial landscape has changed dramatically in recent decades, the need for skilled tradespeople remains as vital as ever. Pipefitters, electricians, carpenters, and other trades continue to play a crucial role in maintaining and upgrading the city’s infrastructure, constructing new buildings, and ensuring the safety and efficiency of its essential systems. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event serves as a reminder of the enduring relevance of these skills and the importance of investing in training and apprenticeship programs to ensure that future generations can carry on these traditions.
The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event, therefore, is not merely a holiday celebration. It is a living testament to the historical struggles, the enduring values, and the continued importance of labor in the city of Pittsburgh. It connects the present to the past, reminding us of the sacrifices made by those who came before and the ongoing need to support and celebrate the contributions of working families.
6. Worker recognition
The air in Pittsburgh on Labor Day often carries a certain hum. It’s a sound built not of traffic or commerce, but of shared stories, the clinking of glasses, and the distant strains of a polka band. This sound is the echo of “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” an event, at its heart, dedicated to something profound: worker recognition. It’s not simply a day off; it’s a day for something, for acknowledging the hands that shaped the city, the skills that maintain it, and the dedication that fuels it. The pipefitters, an essential part of this equation, are not simply given a day free from their labors, but a day where their labors are actively celebrated. The cause is the need to publicly showcase the trade and those who participate. The effect is better tradespeople retention, higher apprenticeship applications, and better trade recognition.
The importance of “worker recognition” as a component of the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” can’t be overstated. Imagine a craftsman, meticulously fitting a pipe, ensuring the flow of water or gas, a critical function in a modern hospital. That work, often unseen, unheard, is essential. Without it, the hospital falters. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event offers a public forum, a stage, upon which to acknowledge this often-invisible contribution. Picture a child, watching her father, a pipefitter, receive an award for years of service. The pride in that child’s eyes is a testament to the power of recognition, a tangible demonstration of the value the community places on his craft. This is critical for people to see the value of a trade and possibly join that trade.
In essence, the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” is a physical manifestation of an abstract concept: the value of labor. It provides a space where the individual contributions of workers are not only acknowledged but celebrated. This event encourages new people to look at trades and helps with continued dedication. The success of this gathering hinges upon the genuine appreciation and recognition conveyed to the pipefitters who are at the heart of it, for only through authentic acknowledgement does such an event truly resonate with the intended audience. The event serves as a beacon, guiding the community to value the contributions of individuals and reminding future generations of the importance of the dedication, that shaped Pittsburgh into the city it is today.
7. Pittsburgh pride
Pittsburgh pride is a tangible force, a deep-seated affection for a city forged in the fires of industry and resilience. It’s more than just rooting for the Steelers or knowing the difference between chipped ham and kielbasa; it’s an understanding of the city’s history, its struggles, and its triumphs. This pride finds a specific and poignant expression in events like “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day,” a celebration that encapsulates the very essence of what it means to be a Pittsburgher: hard-working, community-oriented, and deeply connected to the city’s blue-collar roots.
-
A Legacy of Labor and Skill
Pittsburgh’s identity is inextricably linked to its history as a manufacturing powerhouse. The steel mills, the coal mines, and the factories that once dominated the landscape shaped not only the city’s economy but also its culture. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event celebrates the skilled trades that were essential to this industrial dominance, acknowledging the contributions of pipefitters, welders, and other craftsmen who built and maintained the city’s infrastructure. This celebration acts as a yearly reminder to the new and previous generations to hold pride in being part of the building and maintaining of a thriving community.
-
Community and Camaraderie
Pittsburghers are known for their strong sense of community, a trait fostered by generations of working-class families who relied on each other for support and survival. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event provides a space for pipefitters and their families to come together, share stories, and celebrate their shared identity. This gathering strengthens the bonds within the pipefitting community and reinforces the sense of belonging that is so integral to Pittsburgh pride. These events allow community members to connect with local pipefitters and families.
-
Resilience in the Face of Adversity
Pittsburgh has faced numerous challenges over the years, from the decline of the steel industry to economic downturns. Yet, the city has consistently demonstrated its resilience, adapting to change and reinventing itself while remaining true to its core values. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event is a symbol of this resilience, a testament to the enduring spirit of Pittsburgh’s working class, who have always found a way to persevere in the face of adversity. Even when there were economic impacts, the trades thrived, and the community persisted.
-
A Celebration of Blue-Collar Identity
While Pittsburgh has evolved into a modern, diverse city, its blue-collar identity remains a source of pride for many. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event is a celebration of this identity, a recognition of the value of hard work, skill, and dedication. The event is a reminder that the city’s success is built on the contributions of its working-class citizens, who continue to shape its future. The blue-collar persona has shaped this city, and it is the foundation for what will remain true.
The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event, therefore, is more than just a gathering; it is a manifestation of Pittsburgh pride. It embodies the city’s history, its values, and its enduring spirit of resilience. It is a celebration of the skilled trades, the sense of community, and the blue-collar identity that defines what it means to be a Pittsburgher. This is what it means to be a Pittsburgher.
8. Family traditions
The aroma of grilled pierogies mingles with the faint scent of welding fumes, a paradoxical yet familiar scent that hangs in the Pittsburgh air each Labor Day. For many families, the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event is not merely a union picnic; it is a cornerstone of their family traditions, a ritual passed down through generations. Grandfathers, fathers, and now, increasingly, mothers, who have dedicated their lives to the pipefitting trade, bring their families to this annual gathering, weaving their professional lives into the fabric of their familial bonds. It’s not just about the free food or the games for the children; it’s about reinforcing a shared identity, a sense of belonging to something larger than themselves.
Take, for instance, the story of the Kowalski family. For three generations, at least one member of the family has been a proud member of the pipefitters union. Every Labor Day, rain or shine, they gather at the designated park, setting up their checkered blanket, sharing stories of projects past and present. The youngest Kowalski, now a budding apprentice, listens intently, absorbing not just the technical knowledge but also the values of hard work, dedication, and union solidarity. This event becomes a living history lesson, a tangible link to their family’s past and a blueprint for their future. Similarly, the Miller family sees this as a tradition to build on a year after year. Every moment brings the family closer to their dedication in trade.
The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event, therefore, serves as a crucial anchor for family traditions, providing a sense of continuity and stability in a rapidly changing world. It is a reminder of the importance of skilled labor, the value of community, and the enduring power of family bonds. These combined aspects create a richer tapestry. This event fosters loyalty and dedication across generations. As the city continues to evolve, this tradition plays a vital role in preserving its unique character, ensuring that the values of hard work, community, and family remain at the heart of Pittsburgh’s identity. It ensures a common ground and creates a bond.
Frequently Asked Questions
The following questions address common inquiries and uncertainties surrounding the annual pipefitters’ Labor Day event in Pittsburgh. These are not hypothetical scenarios, but rather inquiries that have arisen from community members and participants over the years, reflecting a desire for clarity and understanding.
Question 1: What exactly constitutes this “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event? Is it merely a picnic, or something more substantial?
It is inaccurate to categorize this as solely a picnic. While food and recreation are involved, the event functions as a convergence point for union members, their families, and community stakeholders. It is a celebration of the pipefitting trade, a recognition of labor contributions, and an opportunity to strengthen community ties.
Question 2: Given that Pittsburgh’s industrial landscape has shifted, is there still a valid justification for holding this type of event? Does the pipefitting trade still hold relevance?
The assertion that the pipefitting trade lacks relevance due to industrial shifts is demonstrably false. While the nature of industry has evolved, the need for skilled tradespeople, including pipefitters, remains critical for infrastructure maintenance, construction, and various essential services. The event serves to highlight this ongoing importance.
Question 3: How is the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event funded, and are those funds allocated responsibly?
Funding for the event typically originates from union dues, sponsorships, and fundraising initiatives. The allocation of these funds is subject to rigorous oversight by union officials and adheres to established financial protocols. Reports on expenditures are generally available to union members upon request, ensuring transparency.
Question 4: Is participation in the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event limited to union members, or is the broader community welcome?
While the event primarily caters to union members and their families, select portions of the celebration may be open to the broader community. This is often contingent on logistical constraints and security considerations. Specific details regarding public access are typically disseminated in advance of the event.
Question 5: In light of increasing automation and technological advancements, what is the long-term outlook for the pipefitting trade, and how does the event address these challenges?
Automation and technology are undeniably impacting the trade; however, they are not rendering it obsolete. Pipefitting requires adaptability and continuous learning. The event often incorporates demonstrations of new technologies and training programs to equip members with the skills necessary to navigate these evolving demands. The event also acts to secure future tradespeople to evolve and learn.
Question 6: What measures are in place to ensure the safety and security of attendees at the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event?
Safety and security are paramount. The event organizers implement comprehensive security protocols, including on-site personnel, crowd management strategies, and emergency response plans. Coordination with local law enforcement is also maintained to address any potential threats or incidents.
In summary, the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” event is not a simple gathering, but a multi-faceted occasion with historical, economic, and social significance. It serves as a crucial reminder of the importance of skilled trades and the enduring contributions of working families to the city of Pittsburgh.
The following section will delve into personal stories and testimonials from pipefitters and their families who have been impacted by this annual event, offering a more intimate perspective on its significance.
Craftsmanship Endures
The echoes of the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” resonate far beyond the park where the event unfolds. It offers essential lessons for a life of purpose, built on skill, dedication, and community. This isn’t about platitudes, it’s about extracting wisdom from the hands-on reality of a proud trade, celebrated each year in a city that understands the value of hard work.
Tip 1: Master a Tangible Skill. The men and women celebrated are masters of their craft. In a world of fleeting trends, a tangible skill provides security and satisfaction. Be it coding, carpentry, or the intricacies of pipefitting, hone expertise. The worth will endure.
Tip 2: Embrace Lifelong Learning. The pipes and systems worked on change, technology evolves, but the master craftsman keeps learning. Do not stagnate. Attend workshops, seek mentors, and always refine abilities. Stagnation means obsolescence, regardless of vocation.
Tip 3: Community is Strength. The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” exists because of the union, a community. Seek out like-minded individuals, collaborate, and support each other. Iron sharpens iron; isolation diminishes.
Tip 4: Find Pride in Honest Work. The pipefitters take pride in their contributions. Whatever your field, approach it with integrity and a commitment to excellence. A job well done is its own reward, regardless of external recognition.
Tip 5: Honor the Past, Build the Future. Observe the older generation at the event, then listen to their stories. Learn from their experiences, respect their wisdom, and carry their legacy forward. Every current achievement is built on the foundation laid by those who came before.
Tip 6: Build Strong Family Bonds. This trade recognizes families. Attend events together. Involve loved ones in your life’s purpose. It creates an awareness of life within the trade.
Tip 7: Value Tradition. This gathering is more than a day out; it embodies shared history, skills, and values. Embrace traditions, whether personal, familial, or professional. They provide a sense of continuity and identity in an ever-changing world.
The “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” serves as a lens, focusing the light on values crucial for a fulfilling and meaningful life. Skill, community, integrity, and respect for the past are not abstract ideals but tangible principles embodied by the men and women celebrated each year. Remember these lessons.
In closing, the spirit of the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” can be translated to many circumstances. Let it inform actions, drive towards excellence, and strengthen bonds, ensuring that one’s own contributions leave a positive and lasting impact.
Echoes of the Trade
The journey through the intricacies of “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” reveals more than just a date on the calendar. It exposes a celebration woven deeply into the city’s fabric, a recognition of skilled trades, and a testament to the enduring power of community. From the historical roots of organized labor to the family traditions passed down through generations, the event underscores Pittsburgh’s blue-collar spirit. The economic benefits, the union solidarity, and the simple act of worker recognition all coalesce into a singular expression of civic pride.
As the sun sets on another Labor Day in Pittsburgh, and the echoes of the celebration fade, the essence of the “pip Pittsburgh Labor Day” endures. It serves as a solemn reminder: that true progress is built on the skill and dedication of those who labor with their hands, and that a community thrives when it honors the contributions of its workforce. The future of Pittsburgh, like the strength of its pipes, depends on the continued support and recognition of its skilled trades, ensuring the legacy of the city’s working class continues to flow strong and true.
