The presence of third molars, commonly referred to as wisdom teeth, is a characteristic feature in human dentition. These teeth typically emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood. While the presence of these molars is a common human trait, variations in their presence, size, and morphology exist across different populations, including those identified as Indigenous.
Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of these teeth in different groups provides valuable insights into dental anthropology and population health. Factors such as diet, genetics, and environmental influences can contribute to variations observed in dental development. Examining these variations helps researchers trace ancestral lineages and understand how different groups adapted to diverse environments.
This discussion will explore the prevalence of third molars among Indigenous populations, examining potential factors influencing their development, the challenges associated with their presence, and how related dental health considerations are addressed. Particular attention will be given to the nuances of these factors among diverse Indigenous groups globally, recognizing that experiences and outcomes may vary significantly.
1. Prevalence variations.
Across the globe, Indigenous communities display a remarkable diversity in the occurrence of third molars. This prevalence variation, a critical component of understanding the broader topic, underscores the complex interplay of genetics, diet, and environmental factors shaping human dental development. In certain Arctic populations, for example, where traditional diets consisted of tough, fibrous foods, the prevalence of wisdom teeth may be higher. The evolutionary pressure to efficiently process these foods favored individuals with fully developed third molars. This selection led to a higher frequency of individuals possessing these teeth within the group’s genetic makeup.
Contrastingly, some Indigenous groups with historical access to softer, more processed foods might exhibit a lower prevalence. These changes are often correlated with shifts in lifestyle, impacting the selective pressures on dental development. The study of skeletal remains from archaeological sites provides tangible evidence of these shifts. Researchers analyze the presence and condition of molars in these remains to reconstruct dietary practices and infer the presence or absence of specific genes linked to dental development across generations. This archaeological evidence paints a vivid picture of the dynamic relationship between culture, environment, and biological traits.
Understanding these prevalence variations carries practical significance. Identifying populations with lower third molar presence can aid in predicting future dental health needs and resource allocation. Conversely, recognizing populations with a higher presence assists in tailoring preventative dental care programs, focused on early detection and management of potential complications like impaction and infection. By acknowledging these differences, dental professionals can provide more culturally sensitive and effective care to Indigenous patients, respecting their unique dental heritage while promoting optimal oral health outcomes.
2. Genetic factors.
The saga of the third molar within Indigenous populations is deeply entwined with the threads of genetic inheritance. The presence, absence, or morphology of these “wisdom teeth” isn’t merely a random occurrence; it’s a testament to the enduring power of genes passed down through generations, shaping physical traits in response to environments and lifestyles long past. These genetic blueprints dictate the very potential for these teeth to form, erupt, and function within the oral cavity.
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Gene Pools and Prevalence
The genetic diversity within Indigenous populations is vast, reflecting millennia of adaptation and isolation. Specific gene variants, common in certain Indigenous groups, can influence the likelihood of third molar development. Imagine two distinct groups: one descended from ancestors who relied on coarse, unprocessed foods, and another from ancestors with access to softer diets. Over countless generations, genetic mutations favoring the presence and proper alignment of wisdom teeth could become more prevalent in the first group, while the second might see a gradual reduction in the genes associated with these teeth. This difference highlights how ancestral diets and environmental pressures have imprinted themselves on the very DNA of these communities, impacting their dental characteristics.
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Developmental Gene Regulation
Beyond simple presence or absence, genetic factors also influence the size, shape, and eruption timing of these teeth. Genes involved in tooth development, like those regulating bone growth and enamel formation, can express differently across Indigenous groups. This variation can lead to scenarios where one population exhibits smaller, less troublesome third molars, while another faces higher rates of impaction and complications due to larger, misaligned teeth. The subtle interplay of these regulatory genes determines the trajectory of dental development, showcasing the intricate genetic choreography behind seemingly simple traits.
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Linkage Disequilibrium and Ancestry Markers
The study of third molar genetics can also serve as a powerful tool for tracing ancestral lineages and understanding population migrations. Certain genetic markers associated with specific dental traits may be found in high frequencies within particular Indigenous groups. These markers act as genetic fingerprints, allowing researchers to connect seemingly disparate communities and reconstruct their shared history. This approach uses the teeth, and the genes that form them, as a tangible record of the past, shedding light on the complex tapestry of human migration and adaptation.
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Epigenetic Influences
While genes provide the foundational blueprint, environmental factors can modify gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Diet, exposure to toxins, and even stress levels during development can alter how genes are expressed, influencing the final outcome of dental development. Indigenous populations facing nutritional deficiencies or environmental stressors may experience altered third molar development patterns, highlighting the complex interplay between genetics and environment. These epigenetic changes add another layer of complexity to the narrative, illustrating how life experiences can leave their mark on our very DNA, shaping our physical traits.
In conclusion, the story of wisdom teeth in Indigenous populations is a captivating tale of genetic inheritance, environmental adaptation, and ancestral connections. Understanding these genetic factors allows for a more nuanced appreciation of human diversity and informs culturally sensitive approaches to dental healthcare. By unraveling the genetic mysteries behind these teeth, a deeper understanding of the history and health of Indigenous communities can be achieved.
3. Dietary Influence
The oral cavity, a portal to the body, bears witness to dietary habits. Among Indigenous populations, the saga of third molars, those often troublesome wisdom teeth, is inextricably linked to ancestral diets. For millennia, Indigenous communities thrived on resources directly harvested from their surrounding environments. The textures and nutritional content of these foods exerted a powerful influence on craniofacial development, shaping not only jaw size but also the fate of the last molars to erupt.
Consider the Inuit of the Arctic, whose traditional diet, rich in tough, fibrous meats and marine life, demanded robust chewing. The constant exercise of the jaw stimulated bone growth, creating ample space for all thirty-two teeth to erupt without issue. The dental arches accommodated the third molars, allowing them to fulfill their function in grinding and processing food. In contrast, other Indigenous groups, adapting to environments abundant in softer, more easily processed foods, experienced a reduction in jaw size over generations. The space for third molars diminished, leading to impaction, malocclusion, and the subsequent need for extraction. The archaeological record reveals a compelling narrative of dental evolution. Skulls unearthed from ancient settlements often display well-aligned third molars in populations known to have consumed coarse diets. Conversely, more recent skeletal remains from groups with shifting dietary patterns exhibit a higher incidence of impacted wisdom teeth.
Understanding this dietary influence is of paramount importance in modern Indigenous healthcare. As traditional diets give way to processed foods, the prevalence of dental complications related to third molars is on the rise. Dental professionals working within these communities must recognize this connection and tailor preventative care strategies accordingly. Education on the importance of preserving traditional foodways, coupled with early orthodontic intervention, can help mitigate the negative effects of dietary changes on dental health. The story of the wisdom tooth serves as a reminder of the delicate balance between human adaptation, cultural practices, and oral health, a balance that demands careful consideration in the face of rapid modernization.
4. Environmental adaptation.
Environmental adaptation, a cornerstone of human evolution, exerts a subtle yet profound influence on physical traits. Its relationship with third molars, or wisdom teeth, among Indigenous populations tells a story etched in bone, a tale of survival and the relentless shaping power of the natural world. These populations, often inhabiting diverse and challenging environments for millennia, offer a unique perspective on how natural selection molds dental characteristics.
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Climatic Influence on Craniofacial Development
The very shape of the skull, the architecture of the jaw, is not immune to the pressures of climate. In colder regions, wider faces and larger nasal cavities aid in warming frigid air before it reaches the lungs. This robust facial structure often translates to larger jaws, capable of accommodating all thirty-two teeth, including the wisdom teeth. Conversely, in warmer climates, where heat dissipation is paramount, more gracile facial features may prevail, potentially leading to smaller jaws and greater instances of impacted third molars. These aren’t immediate changes; they are the cumulative effect of generations responding to environmental demands.
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Resource Availability and Dietary Specialization
The types of food available in a given environment dictate the demands placed on the dentition. Indigenous groups reliant on tough, fibrous plants or the sinewy flesh of large animals often possess more robust teeth and jaws. The constant chewing stimulates bone growth, ensuring ample space for the proper eruption of wisdom teeth. Conversely, environments offering softer, more easily digestible resources might lead to reduced jaw size over time, increasing the likelihood of impaction. The story of the Inuit, with their reliance on marine mammals, stands in stark contrast to that of some agricultural communities, where softer cultivated foods became the norm.
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Geographic Isolation and Genetic Drift
Geographic isolation, a common feature in the history of many Indigenous populations, plays a role in the distribution of genes related to dental development. Isolated communities are more prone to genetic drift, where random fluctuations in gene frequencies can lead to unique dental characteristics. This can result in some groups exhibiting a higher prevalence of third molar agenesis (the absence of wisdom teeth), while others retain a near-universal presence. These genetic variations, shaped by chance events within isolated environments, contribute to the rich tapestry of human dental diversity.
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Altitude and Oxygen Levels
High-altitude environments present unique physiological challenges. The lower oxygen levels can influence bone growth and development, potentially affecting the eruption of wisdom teeth. Studies have suggested that individuals born and raised at high altitudes may experience delayed dental development, including the eruption of third molars. While the precise mechanisms remain under investigation, the correlation between altitude and dental development underscores the pervasive influence of the environment on human biology.
The tale of environmental adaptation and third molars among Indigenous populations serves as a potent reminder of the interconnectedness between biology, culture, and the natural world. It highlights how the seemingly simple presence or absence of a tooth can reflect a complex history of adaptation and survival. By understanding these intricate relationships, the ability to appreciate the richness of human diversity and provide culturally sensitive dental care improves, ensuring that the legacy of adaptation is recognized and respected.
5. Dental anthropology.
Dental anthropology serves as a vital bridge, connecting the biological realities of human dentition with the cultural and environmental contexts that shape it. In the realm of Indigenous populations, the study of third molars, or wisdom teeth, through this anthropological lens provides a window into the past, revealing patterns of migration, adaptation, and the subtle fingerprints of evolutionary pressures.
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Paleodiet Reconstruction
Dental anthropology leverages the wear patterns and morphology of teeth, including wisdom teeth, to reconstruct the diets of past populations. Analyzing the degree of enamel abrasion, the presence of dental caries, and even microscopic food remnants trapped in dental calculus can illuminate the types of foods consumed by Indigenous ancestors. The presence or absence of wisdom teeth, and their degree of use, contributes to a richer understanding of dietary adaptations and nutritional status. Imagine examining the teeth of individuals from a coastal fishing community versus those from an inland agricultural settlement. The differences in dental wear and the prevalence of certain dental conditions would tell a compelling story about their contrasting lifestyles.
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Population Affinities and Migration Routes
Dental traits, like the size, shape, and presence of specific features on wisdom teeth, can serve as genetic markers, linking populations across time and space. Dental anthropologists compare these traits across different Indigenous groups to identify patterns of relatedness and trace migration routes. Specific tooth characteristics, like the presence of a particular cusp pattern or a unique enamel ridge, may be more common in one population than another, providing clues about their shared ancestry. Consider the potential to trace the dispersal of a particular Indigenous group across a continent by examining the distribution of a rare dental trait. The wisdom teeth, often overlooked, become key pieces in a larger puzzle of human movement and interaction.
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Skeletal Biology and Health Status
The study of wisdom teeth within skeletal remains can also provide valuable insights into the overall health and well-being of past Indigenous populations. The presence of enamel hypoplasia, defects in enamel formation caused by nutritional deficiencies or disease during childhood, can indicate periods of stress or hardship. The presence of dental abscesses or other infections related to impacted wisdom teeth can speak to the availability of healthcare and the overall burden of disease. These dental clues contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the challenges and resilience of Indigenous communities in the past.
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Cultural Modification of Teeth
Certain Indigenous cultures practice intentional modifications to teeth, including filing, extraction, or the insertion of decorative elements. Dental anthropology studies these practices to understand their cultural significance and how they reflect social status, ritual beliefs, or aesthetic ideals. While wisdom teeth are less commonly modified than anterior teeth, their presence or absence may still be influenced by cultural practices related to dental care or hygiene. Imagine uncovering evidence of a ritualistic extraction of wisdom teeth within a specific Indigenous group. Such a finding would open a window into their belief system and social customs.
The investigation of wisdom teeth through dental anthropology is more than just a scientific exercise; it is a journey into the past, a respectful engagement with the stories etched in bone. By carefully analyzing dental remains, the ability to reconstruct ancestral diets, trace migration routes, assess health status, and understand cultural practices gains immense strength, offering profound insights into the rich and complex history of Indigenous peoples. These silent witnesses, the wisdom teeth, speak volumes to those willing to listen.
6. Eruption patterns.
The slow emergence of third molars, a process known as eruption, holds particular significance when considered within the context of Indigenous populations. These patterns, often unique to specific groups, reveal not just the biological timelines of dental development, but also subtle interactions between genetics, diet, and environmental factors that have shaped communities for generations. Consider the story of a young woman from an Alaskan Native village. Her wisdom teeth remained deeply impacted, causing recurring infections. This scenario, far from isolated, highlighted a pattern observed in her community – a delayed and often problematic eruption of third molars. The cause, researchers suspected, was a complex interplay of genetic predispositions combined with a shift away from traditional, tough diets towards more processed foods, altering jaw development.
Eruption patterns also serve as chronological markers. The timing of emergence, or lack thereof, can provide clues about nutritional stresses experienced during adolescence. For instance, delayed eruption coupled with enamel defects in a young adult’s teeth might point to periods of food scarcity or illness endured during their formative years. This becomes especially relevant when studying skeletal remains from archaeological sites. By carefully analyzing the eruption status of third molars in these remains, researchers piece together information about the health and living conditions of past Indigenous societies. Furthermore, understanding the range of normal eruption patterns within a particular Indigenous population is crucial for effective dental care. A dentist unfamiliar with these patterns might prematurely recommend extraction, when, in fact, a delayed eruption is simply a normal variation within that community.
Ultimately, studying eruption patterns reveals the intricate dance between biology and environment. While the presence or absence of wisdom teeth reflects a genetic heritage, their eruption trajectories speak to the ongoing adaptation of Indigenous populations to the changing world around them. The challenges lie in disentangling the relative contributions of genetics, diet, and environment, requiring interdisciplinary collaboration between dentists, anthropologists, and geneticists. Only then can the true stories held within these teeth be fully understood, leading to more culturally sensitive and effective dental healthcare practices.
7. Impaction risks.
The concern of impaction, where third molars fail to fully erupt, represents a significant dental health challenge, particularly within Indigenous populations. This risk is not uniformly distributed; it varies greatly among different groups, influenced by a complex interplay of genetic predispositions, dietary shifts, and historical patterns of adaptation. The story of these impacted teeth is one of evolutionary trade-offs and the ongoing tension between ancestral traits and modern lifestyles.
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Genetic Predisposition and Jaw Morphology
Jaw size, largely determined by genetics, is a critical factor in whether wisdom teeth have adequate space to erupt. Some Indigenous groups, due to their unique genetic heritage, exhibit smaller jaw sizes, increasing the likelihood of impaction. Imagine a young man from a remote community, carrying the genes of ancestors who adapted to a diet of softer foods over generations. His jaw, smaller than that of his forebears, struggles to accommodate the emerging third molars, leading to pain, infection, and the need for surgical intervention. This genetic legacy, while conferring certain advantages in a changing world, also carries the burden of increased impaction risk.
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Dietary Changes and Craniofacial Development
The transition from traditional diets to processed foods has had a profound impact on craniofacial development in many Indigenous populations. Traditional diets, often consisting of tough, fibrous foods, stimulated jaw growth, creating ample space for all teeth to erupt properly. As processed foods become more prevalent, the lack of chewing stimulation leads to reduced jaw growth, increasing the risk of impaction. Picture an elder recalling the days when children chewed on dried meat and tough roots, strengthening their jaws and ensuring the smooth eruption of their teeth. Now, the younger generation consumes soft, processed foods, and impacted wisdom teeth are becoming increasingly common. This dietary shift, while seemingly innocuous, carries significant consequences for dental health.
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Access to Dental Care and Preventative Measures
Limited access to dental care exacerbates the problem of impaction within many Indigenous communities. Without regular check-ups and preventative measures, impacted wisdom teeth can lead to serious complications, including infections, cysts, and damage to adjacent teeth. Imagine a remote community where the nearest dentist is hundreds of miles away. Residents often endure years of pain and discomfort before receiving treatment, and even then, access to specialized care, such as oral surgery, is limited. This lack of access not only increases the risk of complications but also perpetuates a cycle of poor dental health.
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Cultural Beliefs and Traditional Healing Practices
Cultural beliefs and traditional healing practices can also influence how impaction risks are perceived and managed. In some Indigenous cultures, traditional healers may offer alternative treatments for dental pain and inflammation. While these practices can provide temporary relief, they may not address the underlying problem of impaction, potentially delaying necessary dental intervention. Envision a family torn between seeking modern dental care and relying on traditional remedies passed down through generations. The tension between these two approaches highlights the need for culturally sensitive healthcare that respects Indigenous beliefs while providing evidence-based treatment.
The challenges posed by impaction risks within Indigenous populations are multifaceted, reflecting the complex interplay of genetics, diet, access to care, and cultural beliefs. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach that acknowledges the unique circumstances of each community. By understanding the stories behind these impacted teeth, dental professionals can provide more effective and culturally sensitive care, working in partnership with Indigenous communities to promote oral health and well-being.
Frequently Asked Questions
The matter of third molars, or wisdom teeth, in Indigenous populations often arises, shrouded in questions about genetics, diet, and adaptation. These FAQs address common inquiries, drawing upon research and cultural context to provide informative responses.
Question 1: Is it accurate to assume all Indigenous people lack wisdom teeth?
No, such an assumption is inaccurate. The presence or absence of third molars varies significantly among different Indigenous groups globally. Factors such as genetics, ancestral diets, and environmental influences all contribute to the prevalence of wisdom teeth within a specific population. A blanket statement regarding their absence is a gross oversimplification.
Question 2: Do traditional Indigenous diets play a role in the development of wisdom teeth?
Indeed, historical dietary practices exert a considerable influence. Indigenous groups with ancestral diets that involved chewing tough, fibrous foods often exhibit a higher prevalence of fully developed wisdom teeth. The act of chewing such foods stimulates jaw growth, creating ample space for these molars to erupt. Conversely, populations with a history of softer diets may experience reduced jaw size and a higher incidence of impacted wisdom teeth.
Question 3: Are genetic factors a primary determinant of wisdom teeth presence in Indigenous peoples?
Genetics play a fundamental role, though not in isolation. Specific gene variants, more common in certain Indigenous groups, can influence the likelihood of third molar development. These genetic factors interact with dietary and environmental influences to shape dental development. Think of it as a blueprint influenced by the environment in which the house is built.
Question 4: Does the study of wisdom teeth in Indigenous populations contribute to dental anthropology?
Undeniably, it is a valuable area of study. The analysis of dental traits, including the presence, morphology, and wear patterns of wisdom teeth, provides crucial insights into population affinities, migration routes, and dietary adaptations. These dental characteristics serve as markers, helping researchers trace the history and evolution of different Indigenous groups.
Question 5: Are Indigenous communities at a higher risk for complications related to impacted wisdom teeth?
In some instances, yes. Several factors can contribute to a higher risk of complications, including limited access to dental care, dietary changes, and genetic predispositions. In communities where traditional diets are being replaced by processed foods, and where access to preventative dental care is limited, the risk of impaction, infection, and other related complications can be elevated.
Question 6: How can dental professionals provide culturally sensitive care regarding wisdom teeth in Indigenous patients?
Culturally sensitive care involves understanding the unique history, beliefs, and practices of each Indigenous community. Dental professionals should be aware of the potential influence of ancestral diets, genetic factors, and limited access to care. Open communication, respect for traditional healing practices, and a willingness to adapt treatment plans to meet the specific needs of each patient are essential.
The presence and characteristics of third molars in Indigenous populations are a complex interplay of genetics, environment, and culture. Understanding these factors allows for a more nuanced and respectful approach to dental care, promoting better health outcomes for all.
The subsequent section will delve into the future of dental health initiatives within Indigenous communities, exploring innovative approaches and collaborative partnerships.
Navigating the Complexities
The story of wisdom teeth within Indigenous communities isn’t a simple yes or no. It’s a nuanced narrative woven from threads of genetics, diet, and centuries of adaptation. Understanding this tapestry is crucial, not just for dental professionals, but for anyone seeking to provide respectful and effective care.
Tip 1: Recognize the Diversity: Avoid generalizations. Each Indigenous group possesses a unique history and genetic makeup. What’s true for one community in the Arctic may not hold for another in the Amazon. Understand the particular context before making assumptions about dental health.
Tip 2: Respect Traditional Knowledge: Acknowledge that traditional healing practices may play a significant role in how individuals perceive and manage dental issues. Approach conversations with empathy, recognizing that traditional remedies may be used alongside, or instead of, conventional dental care.
Tip 3: Address Access Barriers: Understand that geographical isolation, financial constraints, and cultural barriers often limit access to dental care within Indigenous communities. Advocate for increased resources and culturally appropriate healthcare services that reach those in need.
Tip 4: Promote Preventative Care: Focus on preventative measures, such as dental education and early intervention, to mitigate the risks associated with impacted wisdom teeth. Simple steps, like teaching proper brushing techniques and promoting healthy dietary choices, can have a profound impact.
Tip 5: Emphasize Dietary Awareness: Educate about the impact of dietary changes on craniofacial development. Encourage the preservation of traditional foodways, while also providing information about the importance of balanced nutrition in a modern context.
Tip 6: Foster Collaborative Partnerships: Work in collaboration with Indigenous leaders and community members to develop culturally relevant dental health programs. Engage with the community to identify their specific needs and priorities, ensuring that initiatives are driven by local voices.
Tip 7: Advocate for Research: Support research that explores the genetic and environmental factors influencing dental health within Indigenous populations. A deeper understanding of these complexities is essential for developing targeted interventions and improving health outcomes.
Understanding the relationship between wisdom teeth and Indigenous health is a journey that requires humility, respect, and a commitment to lifelong learning. By embracing these tips, dental professionals and healthcare providers can move closer to providing truly equitable and culturally sensitive care.
As the exploration of this topic concludes, may the insights gleaned foster a deeper understanding and inspire meaningful action, leading to improved dental health outcomes for Indigenous communities worldwide.
Do Indigenous People Have Wisdom Teeth
The question, “do indigenous people have wisdom teeth,” is answered not with a simple affirmation or denial, but with a tapestry woven from threads of genetics, diet, environment, and history. This exploration has traversed the Arctic landscapes to the Amazonian rainforests, revealing that the prevalence and characteristics of these molars are as diverse as the Indigenous populations themselves. The absence or presence of these teeth speaks volumes about ancestral diets, adaptation to challenging environments, and the complex interplay of factors shaping human evolution. Like ancient storytellers, these teeth whisper tales of survival, resilience, and the enduring connection between people and their land.
The journey into understanding this topic underscores the critical importance of culturally sensitive healthcare. Recognize the unique needs of each Indigenous community, foster collaborative partnerships, and advocate for equitable access to dental care. May this knowledge inspire a commitment to respecting Indigenous knowledge, promoting preventative measures, and ensuring that the stories etched within these teeth are heard and honored. The ongoing pursuit of understanding and respect will lead to improved dental health outcomes and a stronger bond of understanding between cultures.
