Best Good Morning Quotes & Messages for You


Best Good Morning Quotes & Messages for You

Expressions of positive sentiments delivered at the start of the day, often incorporating inspirational or motivational content, are a common practice. These communications can range from simple greetings to more elaborate statements intended to uplift the recipient. For instance, a concise “Have a great day!” serves as a basic example, while a lengthier passage emphasizing perseverance or gratitude exemplifies a more developed iteration.

The transmission of such encouraging words is frequently associated with enhanced interpersonal connections and improved individual well-being. Historically, sharing affirmative sentiments at daybreak has been observed across various cultures as a means of fostering optimism and strengthening social bonds. The potential benefits include increased productivity, a more positive outlook, and a stronger sense of community among recipients.

The subsequent sections will examine the diverse formats these expressions can take, the psychological impact they exert, and the platforms through which they are commonly disseminated.

1. Positivity

The human spirit, like a delicate plant, often requires gentle coaxing to face the dawn. In the realm of interpersonal communication, the exchange of affirmations at the beginning of the day, centered on the principle of positivity, serves as this metaphorical sunlight.

  • Combating Negativity Bias

    Human psychology demonstrates a tendency to focus more acutely on negative experiences. Starting the day with an injection of positive thought acts as a counterbalance, mitigating the natural inclination towards pessimism. A brief declaration of gratitude or a reminder of inner strength provides a buffer against the anticipated stresses of the day, subtly shifting the recipient’s perspective.

  • Seeding Optimism

    Optimism, a characteristic often linked with resilience, is not inherent but cultivated. The transmission of encouraging phrases, even if seemingly simple, reinforces a hopeful outlook. These small acts can serve as a catalyst, prompting individuals to approach challenges with greater confidence and a proactive mindset. Consider the cumulative effect of receiving such messages over weeks, months, or even years a steady drip of positivity can erode the foundations of cynicism.

  • Creating a Ripple Effect

    Positive sentiment is not confined to the individual. Expressions of goodwill have the potential to propagate outward, influencing interactions with others. Someone who begins their day feeling uplifted is more likely to engage in empathetic and constructive communication throughout the day. This effect, while subtle, contributes to a more harmonious environment, fostering collaboration and reducing conflict.

  • Reinforcing Personal Strengths

    Messages that highlight inherent qualities, such as perseverance or kindness, reinforce self-belief. The act of acknowledging these strengths, whether in oneself or others, can lead to heightened self-awareness and a greater willingness to leverage these qualities in daily life. This positive reinforcement can be particularly powerful during periods of uncertainty or self-doubt.

The deliberate infusion of optimism into the morning routine, therefore, transcends mere pleasantries. It represents a proactive approach to mental well-being, fostering resilience, and promoting a more positive and productive existence. These messages become small anchors in the storm of daily life, providing a point of stability and reminding individuals of their inherent capacity for strength and happiness.

2. Inspiration

Dawn breaks, not just on the horizon, but on the human spirit. The spark that ignites ambition, the ember that warms resolve, finds kindling in the quiet moments of the early morning. It is in this fertile ground that motivational phrases delivered at daybreak often take root, cultivating aspirations and shaping the course of the day.

  • Awakening Dormant Potential

    Inspiration, like a dormant seed, lies within many, waiting for the right conditions to germinate. Carefully chosen words can provide the necessary sunlight and moisture. A reminder of past triumphs, a vision of future possibilities, or a simple acknowledgment of inherent capabilities can nudge individuals toward recognizing their untapped potential. A former colleague, once hesitant to pursue a leadership role, found renewed confidence after receiving daily affirmations emphasizing her innate talent for guiding teams. This small act spurred her to embrace the challenge and ultimately excel.

  • Combating the Inertia of Routine

    The relentless demands of daily life often lead to a state of weary compliance. Routines, while necessary, can stifle creativity and dim the flame of ambition. A jolt of motivational sentiment can break this cycle, re-igniting passion and fostering a sense of purpose. An acquaintance, stuck in a monotonous job, confessed that a single line from a celebrated poet, shared each morning, reminded him of his artistic aspirations, prompting him to dedicate evenings to his craft.

  • Cultivating a Growth Mindset

    The belief that abilities are malleable and capable of development is paramount to personal and professional growth. Encouraging statements can reinforce this “growth mindset,” instilling a sense of possibility and resilience in the face of adversity. A student struggling with a particularly challenging subject credited daily reminders of his inherent intelligence and capacity for learning as pivotal in overcoming obstacles and achieving academic success. These messages served as a constant counterpoint to self-doubt, fostering a willingness to persevere.

  • Connecting to a Larger Purpose

    Beyond individual aspirations, inspiration often stems from a sense of belonging to something greater than oneself. A quote referencing altruism, social responsibility, or the pursuit of knowledge can imbue daily tasks with deeper meaning. A volunteer at a local charity recounted how daily excerpts from philosophical texts, emphasizing the interconnectedness of humanity, motivated her to dedicate even more time and energy to her work, finding profound fulfillment in contributing to the well-being of others.

The injection of inspirational messaging at the start of the day, therefore, transcends mere platitudes. It represents a conscious effort to awaken latent potential, combat the inertia of routine, cultivate a growth mindset, and connect individuals to a larger purpose. These seemingly small acts can have a profound and lasting impact, shaping not only the individual’s day, but also their overall trajectory.

3. Motivation

The day’s nascent hours present a unique opportunity to instill purpose. The potential of dawn remains unrealized until initiative transforms it into tangible progress. Affirmations distributed during this period can serve as a catalyst, converting potential energy into kinetic action.

  • Setting the Intention

    The act of articulating a goal at the beginning of the day focuses cognitive resources. A concise reminder, such as “Today, embrace challenges as opportunities,” primes the individual to view obstacles as stepping stones rather than roadblocks. A software engineer, facing a daunting project deadline, found solace in a daily message reminding him of his problem-solving abilities. This simple affirmation shifted his focus from anxiety to proactive planning, ultimately leading to the project’s successful completion.

  • Fueling Perseverance

    The inevitable setbacks encountered throughout the day can erode resolve. Preemptive encouragement acts as a shield against discouragement. A struggling artist, facing repeated rejections, maintained her dedication through daily reminders of her unique artistic vision. These affirmations acted as a counterbalance to external criticism, allowing her to persevere despite adversity. She later acknowledged these morning messages as instrumental in her eventual success.

  • Promoting Proactivity

    Many succumb to the inertia of reactive behavior, merely responding to external demands. Affirmations focused on initiative encourage individuals to take ownership of their actions. A sales professional, habitually waiting for leads to materialize, adopted a daily affirmation focused on proactive outreach. This subtle shift in mindset led to a significant increase in his sales figures, demonstrating the power of intentional action.

  • Reinforcing Self-Efficacy

    Underlying all successful endeavors is a belief in one’s own capabilities. Messages that highlight past achievements or acknowledge inherent strengths bolster self-efficacy, providing the psychological foundation for ambitious pursuits. A recent graduate, intimidated by the prospect of entering the competitive job market, found confidence in daily reminders of her academic accomplishments and interpersonal skills. This renewed self-belief empowered her to navigate the interview process effectively, securing a position in her chosen field.

These instances illustrate the potent link between early-morning affirmations and sustained motivation. They are not mere pleasantries, but strategic interventions designed to shape mindset and drive action. The intentional distribution of these messages represents a proactive approach to fostering individual and collective achievement.

4. Connection

The modern world, often characterized by its frenetic pace and digital detachment, finds solace in the simple act of reaching out. In the sphere of daily affirmations, expressions transmitted at daybreak, the concept of connection assumes profound significance. These messages are not merely words; they are threads woven to bind individuals in a shared human experience.

  • Bridging Geographical Divides

    Distance, once an insurmountable barrier to interpersonal relationships, now diminishes with instantaneous communication. A simple message can traverse continents, uniting families separated by circumstance. A business traveler, thousands of miles from home, found comfort in a daily affirmation from a loved one, reminding him of the unwavering support that transcended physical separation. These morning missives became a lifeline, mitigating the loneliness inherent in extended periods away from familiar surroundings.

  • Strengthening Familial Bonds

    Within the domestic sphere, expressions exchanged at dawn can reinforce the ties that bind families together. A parent sending a supportive message to a child facing academic pressures, or siblings exchanging words of encouragement before embarking on their respective endeavors, exemplifies the power of affirmations to foster a sense of unity and mutual support. These seemingly small acts contribute to a stronger, more resilient family dynamic. A family dealing with health issues finds solace in a daily family group affirmation messages. This allows them to bond together through emotional and physical tough times.

  • Cultivating Workplace Camaraderie

    The professional landscape, often characterized by competition and individual ambition, benefits from the infusion of collective spirit. A team leader sharing an inspirational quote with colleagues at the start of the day, or coworkers exchanging messages of mutual support before tackling challenging projects, cultivates a sense of shared purpose and collaborative energy. This fosters a more positive and productive work environment, transforming individual contributors into a cohesive unit.

  • Fostering Empathy and Understanding

    Beyond mere expressions of goodwill, affirmations can promote empathy and understanding by acknowledging shared vulnerabilities and celebrating collective strengths. A message recognizing the efforts of caregivers, or acknowledging the challenges faced by marginalized communities, fosters a sense of solidarity and encourages acts of compassion. These messages, delivered with sincerity and intention, can bridge divides and promote a more inclusive and equitable society.

The act of sending and receiving these sentiments at the day’s inception transcends the superficiality of routine pleasantries. It is a conscious effort to forge and maintain connections, reminding individuals of their shared humanity and fostering a sense of belonging in an increasingly fragmented world. A simple, heartfelt message sent at dawn can ripple outwards, strengthening bonds and fostering a spirit of unity that extends far beyond the initial exchange.

5. Encouragement

The sun ascends, casting light upon a world often shrouded in uncertainty. Within this dawn, a whispered word of encouragement, conveyed via a carefully crafted message, holds considerable power. These messages, born of empathy and intention, serve as emotional scaffolding, bolstering individuals against the potential burdens of the day. Their presence within daily affirmations is not accidental; it is a deliberate infusion of resilience into the recipient’s mindset.

Consider the narrative of a young entrepreneur, teetering on the brink of financial collapse after investing his life savings into a fledgling enterprise. Sleepless nights were punctuated by self-doubt and the gnawing fear of failure. A close friend, recognizing his precarious mental state, began sending him succinct, yet potent, messages each morning. These affirmations did not dismiss the gravity of his situation; instead, they focused on his inherent strengths his unwavering determination, his innovative spirit, his capacity for learning from setbacks. “Remember why you started,” one message read. “Your vision is worth fighting for.” These simple words, delivered consistently, became an anchor, preventing him from succumbing to despair. While they did not magically erase his financial woes, they provided him with the emotional fortitude to navigate the crisis, ultimately leading to his company’s survival and subsequent success. The encouragement served as a catalyst, transforming self-doubt into determined action.

The significance of encouragement within daily affirmations extends beyond crisis management; it permeates the fabric of everyday life. A student facing a difficult exam, an athlete striving to surpass their limits, a parent struggling to balance work and family all benefit from a simple reminder of their capabilities. These messages acknowledge the inherent challenges of existence and offer a gentle nudge towards perseverance. They affirm the recipient’s worth, reminding them that their efforts are valued and that their potential remains boundless. In essence, encouragement is the lifeblood of daily affirmations, transforming them from mere pleasantries into potent tools for personal growth and resilience. Without it, these messages become hollow echoes, devoid of the emotional resonance necessary to effect meaningful change. The practice is crucial for sustaining their purpose.

6. Affirmation

In the realm of daily exchanges, the connection between a positive declaration and dawn-greeting is subtle, yet profound. Affirmation serves as the bedrock upon which these messages are built, the silent engine driving their potential impact. Without it, these greetings are rendered hollow, pleasantries devoid of substance. An anecdote illustrates this point: A project manager, renowned for his demanding nature, began each day by sending his team a generalized “good morning” email. Initially met with polite acknowledgment, the messages soon became background noise, disregarded amidst the pressures of looming deadlines. Recognizing this, he altered his approach. Instead of a generic greeting, he began incorporating affirmations specific to each team member: “Sarah, your design skills are invaluable,” or “David, your analytical insights are critical to this project’s success.” The impact was immediate. Team morale surged, deadlines were met with renewed vigor, and a sense of individual worth permeated the workplace. The simple addition of personalized affirmation transformed a perfunctory greeting into a powerful tool for motivation and connection. This highlights the core function of affirmation: to validate, uplift, and empower the recipient, setting a positive trajectory for the day ahead.

The efficacy of affirmation in this context stems from its inherent ability to challenge negative self-perceptions and reinforce positive attributes. By consciously acknowledging an individual’s strengths or potential, these morning declarations act as a counterweight to self-doubt and anxiety. This is particularly crucial in high-stress environments or for individuals prone to self-criticism. An example can be seen in a study of student performance where individuals who began their day by writing down a few personal strengths showed increase performance on their work when they apply this kind of act on daily basis. The power of affirmation lies not just in its initial impact, but in its cumulative effect. Consistent reinforcement of positive qualities can gradually reshape self-perception, fostering a greater sense of confidence and resilience.

Understanding the integral role of affirmation within daily greetings reveals a subtle, yet vital nuance in interpersonal communication. While a simple “good morning” is undeniably polite, the addition of personalized, affirmative statements elevates the exchange to a more meaningful and impactful level. The challenge lies in identifying and articulating genuine qualities or strengths, moving beyond generic platitudes to provide specific and targeted encouragement. By recognizing and addressing this challenge, individuals can harness the power of affirmation to transform mundane greetings into potent tools for connection, motivation, and personal growth.

7. Reflection

The practice of sharing sentiments at daybreak gains greater significance when considered in conjunction with introspective thought. A phrase, absent critical contemplation, risks becoming a hollow repetition, a meaningless pleasantry adrift in the daily torrent of information. Consider the executive, habitually firing off motivational quotes to her team each morning. Initially, enthusiasm ran high. Soon, however, cynicism crept in, employees questioning the authenticity of her pronouncements. The error lay not in the sentiment itself, but in its delivery devoid of personal connection or evidence of genuine understanding. The affirmations rang false because they lacked the grounding of reflective thought.

Contrast this with the teacher who, after careful consideration of each student’s individual struggles, selects quotes that resonate with their particular challenges. One student, grappling with self-doubt, received a line about inner strength culled from a philosophical text. Another, struggling with procrastination, found encouragement in a quote about the power of small, consistent actions. These were not randomly selected platitudes; they were carefully chosen words, informed by an intimate understanding of each student’s unique journey. The teacher’s dedication to reflective assessment transformed simple quotes into potent tools for personal growth. Such approach can bring impactful changes to students.

The act of curating and delivering affirmative morning messages, therefore, demands a commitment to introspective analysis. It necessitates a careful consideration of the recipient’s needs, the message’s underlying meaning, and its potential impact. A genuine intention, rooted in compassion and understanding, transforms a generic quote into a beacon of hope. Without such careful thought, the effort may backfire and become an empty ritual. The efficacy of such actions lies not in volume or frequency, but in the depth and sincerity of the reflection that underpins them.

8. Gratitude

The practice of acknowledging fortune, however small, acts as a foundation for resilience. In the arena of daily messages, the inclusion of thankfulness alters a mundane communication into a potent declaration of appreciation. A tale illustrates this point.

  • Shifting Focus from Deficiencies to Blessings

    The human mind often dwells on what is lacking. Acknowledging even small positive aspects redirects attention, mitigating negativity’s impact. A woman, overwhelmed by professional demands, received daily messages reminding her of simple joys: a loving family, a supportive friend, a sunny morning. Initially skeptical, she gradually discovered a renewed sense of contentment by deliberately shifting her perspective.

  • Amplifying Positive Emotions

    Expressing thankfulness intensifies the feelings associated with the acknowledged benefit. A war veteran, grappling with post-traumatic stress, began each day by listing things for which he felt indebted. Though progress was slow, he reported a marked improvement in his mood by focusing on positives of his current life.

  • Strengthening Interpersonal Bonds

    The explicit articulation of appreciation reinforces connections with others. The act of acknowledging kindness, support, or generosity deepens relationships, cultivating a sense of mutual respect and affection. A teenager, habitually dismissive of his parents’ efforts, began expressing gratitude for their sacrifices. This led to an increase in communication and mutual understanding, bridging the generational divide.

  • Fostering Perspective During Adversity

    During periods of hardship, the temptation to succumb to despair can be overwhelming. Actively recognizing blessings, however, provides a counterweight, fostering resilience in the face of adversity. A patient diagnosed with a serious illness found solace in listing the things for which she remained thankful: medical staff, caring family, nature’s beauty. These acknowledgements did not diminish the illness’s severity, but imbued her with a sense of hope and purpose.

The integration of thankfulness into messages transcends mere pleasantries. It transforms simple communications into tools for fostering well-being, strengthening relationships, and cultivating resilience. By shifting focus from deficiencies to blessings, amplifying positive emotions, reinforcing interpersonal bonds, and fostering perspective during adversity, these messages become potent declarations of appreciation. This in turn allows the people to think more positivity.

9. Well-being

A pervasive cultural narrative often undervalues the subtle yet powerful influences shaping individual psychological states. Among these nuanced factors exists the conscious delivery of affirmative sentiments at the start of each day. The relationship between such expressions and psychological well-being constitutes a connection worthy of deeper analysis. Consider the case of a support group for individuals managing chronic pain. Group members began incorporating the sharing of inspirational messages into their morning routine, a practice that initially seemed almost trivial. Over time, however, a pattern emerged: those who actively engaged in this sharing reported a measurable decrease in perceived pain levels and an improved sense of emotional regulation. The act of both receiving and disseminating positive affirmations, it appeared, directly influenced their subjective experience of well-being, providing a sense of control and optimism in the face of persistent physical challenges.

The connection between affirmations and well-being can be further understood through the lens of cognitive psychology. The human brain possesses a remarkable capacity for neuroplasticity, the ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. Repeated exposure to positive statements can gradually reshape an individual’s thought patterns, fostering a more optimistic outlook and building resilience against negative cognitive biases. This process, while subtle, can have profound effects on overall mental health, reducing susceptibility to anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the practice of consciously seeking out and sharing positive messages cultivates a sense of agency and purpose, empowering individuals to actively shape their emotional landscape. This contrasts sharply with a passive acceptance of negative thought patterns, which can lead to a downward spiral of distress. Moreover, the shared experience of these positive words connects people by building a community that allows for emotional and physical support.

The practical implications of understanding this connection are significant. By actively incorporating the dissemination of positive messages into daily routines, individuals can contribute to their own well-being and that of others. This can take many forms: a carefully chosen quote sent to a friend facing a difficult challenge, a family tradition of sharing affirmations at the breakfast table, or even a personal practice of reciting positive statements upon waking. The key lies in the intention behind the message, the genuineness of the sentiment, and the consistency of the practice. While challenges may arise, such as the risk of insincerity or the temptation to dismiss the practice as mere platitudes, the potential benefits for psychological well-being far outweigh these risks. The simple act of sharing positive sentiments at the start of each day, when approached with thoughtfulness and sincerity, constitutes a valuable tool for cultivating resilience, fostering connection, and enhancing the overall quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions About Affirmative Dawn Greetings

The subject of early-morning encouragement, while seemingly straightforward, often invites inquiries regarding its practical application and potential impact. This section addresses common concerns and misconceptions through a series of questions and carefully considered responses.

Question 1: Are upbeat morning greetings nothing more than empty platitudes, lacking genuine substance?

History offers a cautionary tale. A Roman emperor, known for his grandiose pronouncements of optimism, faced widespread skepticism due to the glaring disparity between his words and his actions. The value lies not merely in the statement itself, but in its alignment with authentic behavior. A sincere message, rooted in genuine care, carries infinitely more weight than an eloquent phrase devoid of meaning.

Question 2: Does consistent exposure to positive messaging risk fostering an unrealistic or naive worldview?

A seasoned explorer, preparing for a perilous expedition, understood the necessity of both optimism and preparedness. Affirmation serves not to deny the existence of challenges, but to bolster resilience in the face of adversity. A realistic understanding of potential difficulties, coupled with a positive outlook, constitutes a more effective strategy than either blind optimism or paralyzing pessimism.

Question 3: Can these daily affirmations become repetitive or predictable, losing their initial impact?

A skilled musician understands the importance of variation within a musical composition. Constant repetition, even of a beautiful melody, can lead to indifference. The key lies in creativity and adaptation. Varying the delivery, personalizing the message, and tailoring it to the specific needs of the recipient ensures continued relevance and impact.

Question 4: Is there a risk that such messages might be perceived as intrusive or unwanted, particularly in a professional setting?

A wise diplomat understands the importance of cultural sensitivity. A greeting deemed appropriate in one context may be offensive in another. Careful consideration of individual preferences, cultural norms, and the nature of the relationship is crucial. Respect for boundaries and a sensitivity to nonverbal cues are paramount to effective communication.

Question 5: How can one ensure that these declarations of support are perceived as authentic rather than manipulative?

A renowned philanthropist understood the importance of aligning words with actions. Genuine intentions, consistently demonstrated through tangible support and empathetic understanding, build trust and credibility. Empty promises or insincere flattery erode confidence and undermine the effectiveness of any message, however well-intentioned.

Question 6: What is the long-term impact of consistently exchanging expressions of optimism?

A dedicated gardener understands the cumulative effect of consistent cultivation. Small acts of care, repeated daily, yield remarkable results over time. The consistent infusion of positive sentiment, however subtle, cultivates resilience, fosters connection, and promotes a more optimistic and productive existence.

The questions presented provide context to understanding the intricacies of delivering impactful affirmative messaging. By understanding these inquiries, one may find themselves better equipped at producing such messages.

Subsequent sections will address the diverse platforms through which these expressions are commonly disseminated, and the ethical considerations surrounding their use.

Navigating the Dawn

The conveyance of early-morning sentiments requires subtlety. The following points, distilled from historical accounts and empirical observations, provide guidance for crafting messages with impact.

Tip 1: Understand the recipient’s context. Consider the plight of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, whose Meditations, though filled with wisdom, would have resonated differently with a citizen facing famine than with a general preparing for battle. Messages should reflect an awareness of individual circumstances.

Tip 2: Prioritize sincerity over eloquence. Recall the story of the renowned orator whose words swayed nations, yet whose personal life was riddled with deceit. Genuine compassion, however imperfectly expressed, carries more weight than flowery language masking indifference.

Tip 3: Tailor the message to the medium. Consider the contrast between a hand-written letter, imbued with personal effort, and a mass-produced email, easily dismissed as impersonal. Choose the delivery method thoughtfully, aligning it with the message’s intent.

Tip 4: Embrace brevity when appropriate. Remember the wisdom of the Tao Te Ching, which emphasizes the power of concise expression. A single, well-chosen word can resonate more deeply than a lengthy treatise.

Tip 5: Integrate gratitude into the sentiment. Reflect upon the narratives of those who, despite facing immense hardship, found solace in acknowledging their blessings. Acknowledging kindness or opportunity fosters a spirit of resilience.

Tip 6: Practice restraint in frequency. Consider the fable of the boy who cried wolf, whose repeated false alarms eventually rendered his warnings meaningless. Infrequent, heartfelt messages carry more weight than a daily barrage of platitudes.

Tip 7: Acknowledge challenges while promoting optimism. Understand the balance sought by arctic explorers who, while facing harsh realities, maintained a focus on their ultimate goal. Realistic hope acknowledges adversity without succumbing to despair.

By adhering to these principles, one can transform simple greetings into potent tools for connection and empowerment. The key lies in understanding the nuances of human communication and the power of genuine connection.

The concluding section synthesizes the core tenets of effective messaging, offering a final perspective on the art of early-morning affirmation.

Echoes at Dawn

The preceding analysis illuminated the multi-layered nature of “good morning quotes and messages.” From the foundation of positivity to the nuances of gratitude, inspiration, and reflection, each element contributes to a tapestry of human connection. The journey traversed historical anecdotes, psychological insights, and practical guidelines, revealing the art of crafting sentiments that resonate beyond mere pleasantries. The power of such messages was shown to reside not in grandiloquence, but in authentic connection, careful consideration, and genuine empathy. From boardrooms to bedrooms, the intent remained clear: to uplift, encourage, and foster a sense of shared humanity.

Consider the story of an aging lighthouse keeper, whose solitary existence was punctuated by the rhythmic sweep of his beacon. His light not only guided ships safely through treacherous waters, but also served as a silent promise to those at sea: you are not forgotten. So too, the sending of affirmative dawn greetings must embody this same spirit. Let each message, however brief, stand as a beacon of hope, a reminder of shared resilience, and a testament to the enduring power of human connection. Let us endeavor to weave threads of encouragement into the tapestry of daily life, one dawn greeting at a time. In doing so, we become beacons of hope, extending the warmth of human spirit, one message at a time.

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