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The principle describes an equitable defense asserted in court. It bars a legal claim or prevents the enforcement of a right when an unreasonable delay in asserting that claim or right has prejudiced the opposing party. In the context of land ownership, for instance, if an individual has a claim to a property but waits an extended period to assert that claim, during which time the current owner makes improvements or incurs expenses, a court may invoke this principle to prevent the claimant from asserting their right due to the undue prejudice caused by the delay.

This legal concept ensures fairness and prevents injustice that may arise from belated claims. Its importance stems from the need to protect individuals and entities who, in good faith, rely on the apparent validity of an existing situation. The doctrine acknowledges that memories fade, witnesses may become unavailable, and evidence may be lost over time, making it increasingly difficult to ascertain the truth. Historically, it developed as a check against those who might strategically delay legal action to gain an unfair advantage or to allow damages to accumulate, knowing that the other party is acting under the assumption of rightful ownership.

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