The alcohol flush reaction, sometimes called Asian Flush, is a condition characterized by facial redness after consuming alcohol. This reaction primarily stems from a genetic deficiency in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), an enzyme crucial for metabolizing acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct of alcohol breakdown. When ALDH2 is deficient, acetaldehyde accumulates in the body, leading to vasodilation and the characteristic flushing, as well as other symptoms like nausea, headache, and increased heart rate.
While the genetic variant responsible for ALDH2 deficiency is most prevalent in East Asian populations, it is not exclusive to them. The presence of this genetic mutation, regardless of ethnicity, dictates whether an individual experiences the alcohol flush reaction. Its significance lies in understanding individual alcohol tolerance and associated long-term health risks. Studies have indicated that individuals with ALDH2 deficiency may face an elevated risk of esophageal cancer with continued alcohol consumption.
