The Inca civilization operated under a highly centralized and authoritarian system. Power was concentrated in the hands of the Sapa Inca, considered the divine ruler and descendant of the sun god Inti. The Sapa Inca held absolute authority over all aspects of life, including the military, economy, and legal system. A rigid social hierarchy supported this power structure, with nobles and priests holding significant influence and administrative roles.
This form of administration enabled efficient resource management, large-scale public works projects such as road construction and agricultural terracing, and the mobilization of a significant military force. The centralized control also facilitated the imposition of a standardized language (Quechua) and religious practices across the vast empire, promoting cultural cohesion. The system ensured a relatively stable and orderly society, although dissent was suppressed, and individual freedoms were limited to fulfill the demands of the state.
