Lower extremity trauma resulting from vehicular collisions represents a significant source of morbidity. These injuries can range from minor contusions and lacerations to complex fractures, dislocations, and soft tissue damage affecting the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves of the foot, ankle, lower leg (tibia and fibula), knee, and upper leg (femur). Severity depends on factors such as the force of impact, occupant position, safety restraints utilized, and vehicle type. For example, a pedestrian struck by a vehicle may sustain devastating crush injuries, while a driver in a head-on collision may experience fractured femurs due to impact with the dashboard.
Addressing injuries sustained during these events is paramount due to their potential for long-term functional impairment, chronic pain, and economic burden. Historically, management focused primarily on fracture stabilization. However, modern treatment strategies emphasize comprehensive assessment and multidisciplinary care, incorporating advancements in surgical techniques, rehabilitation protocols, and pain management modalities. This holistic approach seeks to optimize functional recovery and minimize disability.
