Bipedalism, the method of locomotion involving movement on two limbs, is a relatively uncommon trait in the animal kingdom. While many creatures can briefly stand or hop on their hind legs, true bipedalism implies that walking and running are the primary means of terrestrial movement. Examples include humans, birds, and certain reptiles like some lizards, as well as some mammals like kangaroos.
The evolutionary advantages of this form of movement are varied and context-dependent. It can enable a wider field of view for spotting predators or prey, free the forelimbs for manipulation of objects or carrying resources, and potentially increase energy efficiency in certain environments. Historically, the development of this posture has been a pivotal adaptation in the evolution of specific lineages, influencing their morphology, behavior, and ecological niches.
