Estimating the mortality inflicted by variola major, the virus causing the disease, requires careful consideration of historical record limitations and varying levels of disease prevalence across different regions and time periods. While precise figures are impossible to obtain, available data suggests a staggering global death toll over centuries.
The impact of the disease on human populations was profound. For centuries, it ranked among the leading causes of death worldwide, contributing significantly to reduced life expectancy and societal disruption. Eradication efforts represent a significant achievement in public health history, preventing countless future fatalities.
